Adolescence 7: Depressive and Manic Disorders

Brief:  These notes cover the basics of Depressive and Manic disorders and their treatment.

Mood Disorders in Adolescence (and children)

Depression and mania have been reported in children and adolescent for many years, however it is not entirely known as to why there seems to have been an increase in recent decades. Until the 60’s or 70’ depression and mania were denied in children – the dominant theory was psychoanalytically and it was considered that these disorder could only occur in adults.  In 1970 their existence was officially recognized

This suggests that historical reports would be under-representative of actual levels. However it leaves the question open as to whether rates have actually increased.

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Evolutionary Psychology – Lecture 6

Brief: This lecture covers basic concepts of mental time travel – both in humans and non-humans. These notes also direct the reader to many other worthy readings on the topic

Mental Time Travel

Episodic memory is the ability to remember events (tulving, 1983?). This is different from semantic memory which is memory of facts. For a long period it has been assume that memory is there to provide an accurate record of the past. Indeed, accuracy has been the dependent variable in most, if not all, memory research. However, the research shows that episodic memory is not very good at keeping a faithful record. It is characterized by errors and biases, and retrieval is a reconstructive process. It seems that we remember the general gyst, or ‘outline’ of an event the actively reconstruct it during recall. From an evolutionary perspective, natural selection can only work on what memory contributes to fitness, not on how accurately it reflects the past per se. If memory is not accurate but still has adaptive function it may be selected for, yet if it is not accurate and without adaptive function, it almost certainly will cease to be a trait.

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